Citation Information :
Verma A, Paul A, Tekleab AM, Lodha A, Klimek J, Suryawanshi P. Lung Ultrasound in Neonates: An Emerging Tool for Monitoring Critically Ill Infants. 2023; 2 (1):80-90.
Context: Neonatal lung ultrasound is emerging as a useful clinical tool for the assessment of lung anatomy and management of various lung pathologies. In this review, we summarize normal lung ultrasound (LUS) findings and specific features of various lung morbidities.
Evidence acquisition: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple sources with relevant keywords with an additional filter of the age-group between 0 and 28 days.
Findings: Apart from the description of normal newborn lungs, clinical and radiological features of a variety of lung pathologies were evaluated and incorporated in the review. Bedside LUS has evolved to be an important point-of-care imaging modality that can help in day-to-day clinical decision-making. It can be used in differentiating respiratory distress syndrome from transient tachypnea on the newborns, in the detection of pneumothorax, and in diagnosing pneumonia, pulmonary hemorrhage, and pleural effusion. Evidence supports the use of LUS scores to decide on the need for early rescue surfactant therapy with high sensitivity and specificity. Lung ultrasound scores obtained during the first 2 weeks after birth can help predict the likelihood of chronic lung disease/bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Once validated, it could be valuable for guiding early intervention and evaluation of new treatments.
Conclusion: Neonatal lung ultrasound is emerging as a vital monitoring tool in critically ill infants with lung disease. It will be valuable in the early diagnosis, management, and prognosis of these patients.
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