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VOLUME 1 , ISSUE 2 ( April-June, 2022 ) > List of Articles

REVIEW ARTICLE

Neurological Abnormalities in Infants of Mothers with Diabetes Mellitus

Vinayak Mishra, Nalinikanta Panigrahi, Anil Rao, Thierry AGM Huisman

Keywords : Anencephaly, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, Autism spectrum disorder, Caudal regression syndrome, Cognitive impairment, Encephalocele, Fetal pathology, Infants of diabetic mothers, Myelomeningocele, Neural tube defect, Neurodevelopmental delay, Neurodevelopmental impairment, Oxidative stress, Schizophrenia

Citation Information : Mishra V, Panigrahi N, Rao A, Huisman TA. Neurological Abnormalities in Infants of Mothers with Diabetes Mellitus. 2022; 1 (2):238-244.

DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-11002-0033

License: CC BY-NC 4.0

Published Online: 05-07-2022

Copyright Statement:  Copyright © 2022; The Author(s).


Abstract

Fetal anomalies, neurocognitive disorders, and perinatal mortality rates are higher in infants of diabetic mothers (IDMs) than in infants of mothers without diabetes. The pathology of these defects is significantly influenced by maternal glucose control and the onset of diabetes during pregnancy. Maternal hyperglycemia, abnormal inflammatory response, and fetal oxidative stress contribute to the pathogenesis of neurological deficits in IDMs. Pregestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM) have a higher incidence of congenital neurologic structural anomalies than gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The assessment of neurodevelopmental impairment in IDMs is confounded by perinatal factors, including birth asphyxia, acute and chronic metabolic insults, and iron deficiency. The incidence of these defects tends to reduce with appropriate antenatal care and maternal glycemic control. We discuss the structural neurologic malformations, cognitive disorders, motor deficits, and psychosocial disorders in the offspring of diabetic mothers.

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